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Homologous structures are explained by shared ancestors which can be seen in the fossil record, is supported by genetic study, comparative morphology et al. Homologous structures are just one line of evidence that supports a common ancestry. Evolutionary lineages may be somewhat categorized by comparative morphology of homologous structures.
One example of homologous structures is that of the skeletal structure of the human arm and hand and the leg of a cat, the fin of a whale and the wing of a bat.
As Strahler (1987) points out:
“Corresponding organs that agree in their basic structures are said to be homologous. Of course, the same homologous relationships would also extend to all parts of the skeleton and to the soft parts, such as muscles, nerves, and internal organs. When the vast number of homologous relationships is taken into account, the evidence for descent from a common ancestor becomes overwhelming (pp. 326)”
The idea that...
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